Stance and swing phase costs in human walking

Stance and swing phase costs in human walking.

Leg swing in human walking has historically been viewed as a passive motion with little metabolic cost. Recent estimates of leg swing costs are equivocal, covering a range from 10 to 33 per cent of the net cost of walking. There has also been a debate as to whether the periods of double-limb support during the stance phase dominate the cost of walking. Part of this uncertainty is because of our...

Soleus h-reflex modulation during stance phase of walking with altered arm swing patterns.

The purpose of this study was to test the effect of arm swing on modulation of soleus H-reflexes amplitudes during walking. Fifteen subjects walked (1.07 m/s) on a treadmill in 4 arm swing conditions: 1-natural arm swing (control), 2-active restraint, 3-passive restraint, and 4-passive-assisted. Tibial nerve was electrically stimulated and soleus EMG was recorded. H-reflex amplitude was signifi...

Hindlimb swing, stance and step relationships during unrestrained walking in cats with lateral funicular lesion.

In freely moving cats, walking at speeds of 0.4-1.0 m/s, lesions of the lateral funiculi, performed at the low thoracic level, increased the hindlimb step cycle duration and changed the relationships between the stance and swing phase durations and the step cycle duration. The values of the slopes of linear regression lines relating the swing and the step durations were markedly increased, whil...

Swing-to-Stance Transition in Walking Cats A Role for Hip Position in Initiating the

A role for hip position in initiating the swing-to-stance transition in walking cats.

In this investigation, we obtained data that support the hypothesis that afferent signals associated with hip flexion play a role in initiating the swing-to-stance transition of the hind legs in walking cats. Direct evidence came from observations in walking decerebrate cats. Assisting the flexion of the hip joint during swing advanced the onset of activity in ankle extensor muscles, and this a...